The Good Old British Comp

Comprehensive schools were set up in the 1960s by the Wilson government, replacing the old system of Grammars and Secondary Moderns (where you went and a lot of your future depended on the dreaded 11 plus exams -- this system still prevails in Northern Ireland and small parts of England, and a variation on it can be seen in the Harry Potter books and movies).

School buildings in the UK widely vary in quality, from Victorian era to brand new. On TV, many are Victorian. Fortunately, the days of the outside toilets and outside swimming pools are gone. Actually, the "outside" has gone too, having been sold off to property developers.

British school pupils in almost all cases are required to wear school uniform and you can spot a troublemaker from a mile off by the fact that he or she isn't wearing it properly (skirt too short, tie askew, top button undone). Male troublemakers are similar, save for the skirt (unless they live in Scotland). It is of note that in some schools, not wearing one's uniform correctly has encroached en masse, to the extent that very few pupils wear the entire uniform correctly.

These troublemakers also like to smoke behind the bike sheds, where romance also takes place. (Presumably, the smoke obscures said romance.) (These days smoking in the Staff Room is illegal, so pupils and teachers both disappear behind the bike sheds where they carefully ignore each other)

Kids in glasses are generally portrayed as 'swots', as are "prim and proper young ladies" (e.g., Hermione Granger from Harry Potter). The former get bullied, the latter may turn out to be Beautiful All Along.

Gangs are common, both of the good ("let's have a jape") and bad ("let's nick the smart kid's lunch money") variety. Kids in TV schools display a far greater degree of coordination on their own than one ever saw in real life. The teachers have to be called "miss" or "sir" (a policy that only actually happens in some schools) and are generally highly strict. Whatever you do, don't annoy the Head Teacher.

They used to be able to administer a caning, but this was stopped in the 1980s; many a media commentator has called for its return. Highly popular for the expected hijinks the students (and also often teachers) will get up to, because really, really shouldn't get up to them. Such shows are naturally prone to Dawson Casting.

Scottish state schools aren't called comprehensives; typical terms are "high school" "academy" or "secondary school". There are a wide range of other differences, but none of them are relevant to the trope, except that uniforms seem to be more optional.

See also British Education System. Compare and contrast with Boarding School, the other British education trope.

Examples:

Comic Books

 * British girls' comic Bunty had a long-running strip called The Comp about this type of school. The comic's flagship story, The Four Marys, was set in an exclusive boarding school for girls; so The Comp was introduced as a more modern counterpart in an effort to represent the kind of school that readers might actually attend.

Film

 * Kes
 * Carry On Teacher
 * Despite the above reservation about Scotland, surely we have to include Gregory's Girl
 * The History Boys

Literature

 * The Demon Headmaster

Live Action TV

 * The archetypal example of such a setting is the children's Soap Opera Grange Hill (1978-2008). If you're British and born before 1990, you can probably hum the theme tune.
 * Waterloo Road
 * The Boot Street Band
 * Behind The Bike Sheds was a short lived musical tv series set in one
 * The Sarah Jane Adventures series one had one episode set at the local comp (Park Vale High School, which despite the name is this trope and not a High School) and the second series sees an increase in school set scenes because.
 * The Doctor Who episode "School Reunion" was set at a comprehensive school.
 * Teachers
 * The Inbetweeners is the single best, most realistic depiction of British school life ever seen. Of particular note is how up-to-date the insults are (bellend and dickwad are particularly popular) and how they don't shy away from having kids swearing, watching porn and going on and on about sex (you know, as actual secondary schoolers and 6th formers actually do).
 * Please Sir!, a sitcom (1968--1972)
 * One episode of Educating Marmalade was a parody of Grange Hill and set in a comprehensive school.
 * The Beiderbecke Affair
 * Harmony attends one in The Queen's Nose

Music

 * Immortalised in song by Madness in Baggy Trousers - "Lots of girls and lots of boys/lots of smells and lots of noise."
 * Interestingly, written partly as a reaction to 'Another Brick in the Wall'- the slightly younger, working class members of Madness didn't entirely relate to that image of school - their own education had been slightly more relaxed, and they were aware that the teachers were making do as best they could with their situation as much as the children.

Video Games

 * The school in the ZX Spectrum games Skool Daze and Back to Skool.
 * And for that matter, the free fan-made sequel for the PC called Klass of 99.

Webcomics

 * Annyseed attends a Comprehensive school, although the laws of the Annyseed universe don't require the students to wear uniforms.