Training Accident

The character or characters are undergoing some special training, usually military in nature. During a critical evaluation or test (often the "final exam" for the program they are in) something goes horribly wrong, and they find themselves alone and in hostile territory (or a disaster situation). Without their instructor(s) or any hope of help from their command structure, they must fight or finagle their way to a point where they can be rescued. When they make it, they discover that the entire experience -- complete with the accident that set the disaster in motion -- was the exam, planned and staged completely in order to see what their response would be to a real crisis or combat situation. Sometimes it's intended to weed out the unfit members of the class as well.

There are non-military variations, including all manner of emergencies for forest rangers, paramedics, firefighters and the like. This gambit requires a cold-blooded commander, or the ability to whisk an injured student out of danger without alerting the remaining testees.

A type of False Crucible. The civvie version is The Game Never Stopped.

Sometimes incorporates a Secret Test of Character. May result in the instructors deciding it was a Career-Building Blunder.

The Genre Savvy in the audience can spot this very quickly.

Anime

 * They Were Eleven.
 * Saiyuki Ibun uses this, although they work it out fairly quickly

Comic Books

 * This is the basis of the first few issues of Wildguard, where the hopefuls for a superhero reality show are abducted by aliens, leaving only the latecomers and the few who managed to evade capture to save them. Not coincidentally, all of the people who eventually made the team were chosen from that rescue party (unless you don't count Red Rover, the only hero to escape unaided).

Film
"Philips: (to a smug Erskine) He's still skinny!"
 * The Recruit had a scene where Colin Farrell's character is captured by terrorists and tortured for three days. After he breaks, it's revealed that it was a training exercise, and the rest of the class had been watching the whole thing through one-way glass.
 * In Enemy of the State, Jon Voight's NSA character convinces his employees to chase, torment, and generally abuse the hell out of Will Smith's character because they believe it's a training exercise in domestic terrorism.
 * A possible interpretation for the events of the movie Mind Hunters
 * The primary plot of Basic focuses on an arranged and intentionally fatal training accident, but the final twist reveals that . Only part of the danger is faked, though.
 * xXx has it both ways. Vin Diesel's character wakes up in a diner which is immediately the scene of an attempted armed robbery  He is then thrown out the back of a plane into the middle of a drug war, and gets hung from a rafter and threatened with a machete before
 * What tipped him off was
 * "Why is it always the assholes that pass the test?"
 * In Captain America: The First Avenger, Steve Rogers' hardass commanding officer Colonel Philips is explaining to Erskine that Rogers is unfit (literally) and doesn't have what it takes to be a Super Soldier, while pointing out another, more physically robust recruit that Erskine denounces as a "bully." Philips tries to prove his point by tossing a dummy grenade into the middle of their exercises which causes every other recruit except Rogers to dive for cover while the future hero throws himself on the grenade. Philips is forced to concede that Rogers has the moral character of a true soldier but...


 * In Space Camp, a group of five teens at space campe accidentally gets launched in the shuttle during a training exercise.

Literature

 * Star Wars Expanded Universe:
 * The X-Wing book Wraith Squadron has a mission like this, when the fighter pilots come under attack as soon as they leave their hangar. Subverted in that the characters realize instantly that this must be part of the test, because they are fully aware that the whole thing is a simulation, and one of the pilots is quite miffed that they went to the trouble to give him specific objectives, then immediately rendered them pointless.
 * Elsewhere in the EU, an anthology called Tales From the Mos Eisley Cantina has an AT-AT walker pilot-in-training finally given the chance to use the real thing, instead of just another highly realistic simulator run. It's mentioned that only the very best pilots actually get to graduate as AT-AT pilots, and he's at the top of his class. He's got a superior standing by just in case, but the superior suddenly disappears when the trainee's sensors pick up on approaching airspeeders. The trainee makes the walker drop to its knees and then picks off the attackers. After that, the viewports dim, the superior comes back, and the trainee realizes that this was a test. Later the head Imperial in charge of walkers who was in The Empire Strikes Back congratulates him and asks why he made his AT-AT kneel. The trainee says that he's figured out that the legs and bellies of a walker are vulnerable to the cannons mounted on airspeeders and snubfighters. The head Imperial freezes up; he desperately does not want anyone to know that there are weaknesses like that in his walkers. Then the trainee gets shunted into the stormtrooper corps, and he's the sandtrooper who said "Look sir, droids!" in A New Hope.
 * Star Trek Starfleet Academy teen series:
 * In one book, Geordi Laforge is a cadet on a ship with a whole class and given orders to remain in one room until further notice. Suddenly, the ship shakes, some explosion is heard and a Red Alert is called. Most of the cadets rush out to help the crew, but Geordi hesitates considering he sees nothing amiss out of a window. At the end, the alert is canceled and the departed cadets are returned to the room and reamed out by the instructor for flunking a test. As it turns out, the experience was a simulation to see if the cadets were willing to obey their orders to remain in the room. As it is, Geordi is one of only a few cadets who obeyed those orders.
 * In the first book of the series, Worf goes through one of these during a field trip. The station they are on begins to break down and will be destroyed, resulting in all of their deaths. Just before the big explosion, it's revealed the whole thing is in a holodeck. The idea was to test their ability to work as a team and face danger.
 * Subverted in Robert Heinlein's juvenile novel Tunnel In The Sky. The "mission", a final exam for a survival training course, is supposed to take three to five days. Eventually it becomes obvious that there's been some kind of horrible mistake, but for the initial week or so the characters theorise that this may just be more of the test.
 * Subverted in Tanya Huff's The Heart of Valor. The training planet Crucible is supposed to work this way, but the tests turn out to be genuinely sabotaged.
 * A borderline example is in Furies of Calderon: Amara's final exam is to successfully infiltrate a rebel camp with her mentor, Fidelias, to discover the identity of the traitor; unfortunately Fidelias is a traitor and turns her in. Fortunately she escapes and when she talks to the First Lord, she finds out that the First Lord suspected Fidelias was a traitor and the test was mainly to be sure of that (though he also wanted the intelligence) and to see if she would make it through without dying or turning traitor.
 * In the Arthur C. Clarke juvenile novel Islands in the Sky an instructor aboard a space station is demonstrating the use of a repair patch to seal a leak. Just as he completes the explanation, the station is struck by a meteorite and everybody gets in everybody else's way until somebody takes charge and applies the patch. Except for one student, who remains quietly in his seat, and explains afterward that the chances of the station actually being struck were minimal. The chances of it happening just as the instructor had finished speaking were so near zero that it had to be a set-up. This did not make him any more popular with the rest of the class.

Live Action TV

 * Spooks did this in the VX episode, which ended up with the exercise stopping just as Tom Quinn shot the visiting assessor (fortunately it was a blank). At the end of the episode, a real alert flashed up...
 * Justified (?) The assessor was trying to leave a sealed environment and thus by shooting him Tom proved he was able to go to any lengths to do the right (if somewhat morally questionable) thing.
 * That could arguably be seen as the definitive moment when Tom passes the test.
 * Stargate SG-1: "Proving Ground"; twists things a step further by staging a second Training Accident at the reveal of the first one.
 * This is an interesting example, because it turns out at the end that
 * In another episode, this happens as an actual accident. A group of Jaffa are being trained by Apophis to infiltrate the SGC. They get their training weapons mixed up with real ones, and when they go on another exercise, one of them is badly injured by a real gun. The recruits assume that means they're ready. Fortunately, the plot is averted.
 * Also inverted in the episode "Avatar." The audience don't know it's a training simulation at first, but it is revealed about two minutes into the episode. All the characters are completely aware of the true scenario from the start. During the training scenario, things go wrong for real and Teal'c nearly dies. Daniel deliberately puts himself at risk as well to help solve the problem, but the two of them are in very real danger until the scenario ends.
 * A Star Trek episode does this arguably when Troi is forced to make an impossible choice in her commander-rank exam.
 * The only way to save the ship in that scenario
 * Although she knew it was an exam, and a simulation, the whole way through.
 * Wesley Crusher faces such a situation during his Starfleet Academy entrance exam in Star Trek: The Next Generation: "Coming of Age."
 * The Unit does this repeatedly in a Flash Back in Season 2, Episode 8 "Natural Selection". It climaxes when Bob Brown is put in the spotlight for letting another Ranger in Selection (for the Unit) die through negligence and selfishness. It did this previously in Season 1, Episode 2, where, although no one doubted after a short time that it was all calculated.
 * It pulls it again in Season 4, when a new member joins (. This sort of thing appears to be SOP.
 * Lennier went through this on Babylon 5 as part of his Ranger training.

Tabletop Games

 * One of the pre-built quests in the base rulebook of Mutants & Masterminds is this.

Video Games

 * Parodied in the game Band of Bugs, where, during the tutorial segment, you're supposedly under attack... but this has absolutely no effect on the rather routine training, except a few harmless explosions and a "real" enemy who's such a painfully obvious fake that the truth is apparent shortly before The Reveal.
 * While not part of the game itself, Metal Gear Solid 2's Dead Cell group, the antagonists/Foxhound stand-ins, were originally a government group that tested the preparedness of a facility for a terrorist attack in this fashion.
 * Also, they have really good boss battle music.
 * Snake also notes that hundreds of soldiers die each year in training accidents and looks down upon on the new generation of virtually trained soldiers who were never in actual danger.
 * Happens during Raz's training session with Sascha Nines in Psychonauts. Sascha offers Raz an implicit choice between safe-but-boring Level Grinding or a fast-and-dangerous Boss Battle, fully expecting him to do the latter. Then the boss goes totally out of control...

Real Life

 * During World War II, the German U-boat service would arrange for some of the crew aboard a new boat on its shakedown cruise to stage an accident -- sometimes without the knowledge of the officers.
 * On the other side, the British Naval training commandant, Adm. Gilbert O. Stephenson was famous for cooking up creative simulations for his cadets.
 * Tiger Teams, teams chosen to try and breach security of secure facilities without the knowledge of facility personnel, will sometimes use planned training exercises as cover to pull off their (non-violent) attacks to see how the security will react.
 * Likewise, the United States' Federal Aviation Administration's equivalent, "Red Teams," will do this to try and smuggle firearms or explosives past airport screeners.
 * The FAA and TSA are also known to test regional airports, although in different manners.
 * In one sixth season episode of NCIS, the team were doing this- apparently..
 * Some fire departments, when conducting normally routine fire drills in places such as schools, will intentionally add unexpected events to see how the staff react: for instance, secretly arranging to have some kids hide in the bathroom during an evacuation, to see whether the teachers notice and what they do.