Forty Niner

A participant in the California Gold Rush of 1848-1855.

When gold was discovered near Sutter's Mill, California in 1848, it brought a huge influx of people to the area, at first those already living in California and the surrounding areas, but when the story broke in the East Coast newspapers, from all over the world. San Francisco, the nearest port, became a Boom Town.

They became known as "'49ers" from the year when the biggest crop of would-be miners arrived. At first, finding gold was easy, and the miners prospered. But as the most obvious sites played out, mining required more and better skilled effort, and competition grew for the best claims. By 1855, only large mining companies were still viable, and the Rush was over. Most of the Forty-Niners went on to other professions in the newly-booming states; a few stubbornly stayed in the prospecting business, moving from site to site in hopes of striking it rich elsewhere.

This character type includes those who moved to California to take advantage of the gold miners, but did not themselves mine the ground. For other people searching for valuable minerals, see Prospector.

Film

 * Paint Your Wagon (1969 musical)
 * The Forty-Niners (1954)
 * In the Days of '49 (1911)
 * The Naked Hills (1956)

Music

 * The song My Darling Clementine.
 * "Days Of '49", recorded by Bob Dylan and others.

Theatre

 * Paint Your Wagon (1951 musical)

Video Games

 * The Sierra adventure game Gold Rush chronicles the journey of one Brooklyn resident as he becomes a Forty Niner (technically, he can arrive in California in late 1848, but he still fits the trope).

Western Animation

 * "The Miner Forty-Niner", a ghostly miner, was one of the villains on Scooby Doo.
 * A Looney Tunes episode where Elmer Fudd travelled west to seek his fortune in gold. Unfortunately for him, he ran into Bugs Bunny on the way. (This was an early Elmer Fudd cartoon, when he was still ridiculously fat.)