The Bible/Sandbox

""In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth...""

- Genesis 1:1

Before we get to the tropes used in the Bible, it should be noted that there are several different traditions as to what the Bible contains; while most material is shared, historically members of religious groups have decided to include or exclude different writings. The Book of Tobit, The Book of Judith, the Maccabees books, and many others are included in some tradition's orthodoxy and wholly ignored by others' (as is the entire New Testament, for that matter). Debates about what's Canon and what isn't continue to this day. That's not taking into account the multitude of different translations out there, not only between languages but within each language--leaving plenty of room for cases of Lost in Translation.

On a related note, there are several major opinions on what the Bible is. According to the Christian viewpoint, the Bible is an anthology of books by divinely inspired followers of God and Christ over a period of 600 to 1600 years, including: biographies, histories, manuals of rules and laws, songs and ritual prayers, advice for living like in Paul's letters, and divine revelations. (For the traditional Jewish perspective, strike out the words "and Christ" and "like in Paul's letters," and reduce the number of years by two to six hundred years.) There is debate among Christians over just what "divinely inspired" entails; some say this means everything in the Bible should be taken completely at face value, while others hold that some parts (like the book of Genesis, for example) are meant to be taken as allegorical or symbolic writings, not to be interpreted literally. The latter view is held by most mainline Protestant denominations and is the official position of the Catholic Church.

Another set of interpretations was from what is now called, collectively, Gnosticism. The Gnostics did not accept the idea of canon at all, nor any central religious authority. Thus, pretty much every Gnostic collection of scripture contained different sets of documents, some orthodox canon and some written locally. Indeed, the general Gnostic approach to religious literature was one of extreme openness, and a new Evangelion (no, not that one) probably appeared within the various Gnostic communities every day. The Gnostics believed in personal and continuous revelation rather than authority of scripture.

The view of those who don't belong to the Abrahamic religions generally ranges from seeing the events of the Bible as somewhere between "exaggerated history" and "pure fiction".

Comprising the works of many writers from the 11th century BC to about 200 AD, before the advent of mass communication, the Bible is one of humanity's best-known and longest-enduring books, with 1500 ancient surviving Greek manuscripts making it the ancient world's best seller (Homer, with 643 surviving manuscripts of The Iliad, comes in second). The absence of a single authority with a strictly defined canon policy has proven an obstacle, however. Or rather, the existence of dozens or hundreds of conflicting authorities. Historically, it resulted in the most devastating (literally) Flame Wars (also often literally) ever.

It's worth noting that dating the Bible (no, not that) is one of the most contentious issues surrounding it. The consensus secular view, which mainline Protestants and Catholics more or less accept, is that the first five books (the Pentateuch or Torah), along with some of the histories were compiled around 450 BC, from four source texts, the oldest of which dates back to about 800 BC. The prophetic and wisdom literature (the rest of the Old Testament) was compiled and redacted over the next century or two, though some of the Psalms may go back to 1000 BC. The traditional view - accepted by fundamentalist and most evangelical Protestants, as well as Orthodox Jews, is that the whole Pentateuch was dictated to Moses around 1500 BC, while the prophetic books were written by the authors they're traditionally ascribed to from about 900 to 500 BC.

Due to the Bible's sheer size and literary value, in addition to the fact that it is in the public domain (as it predated the invention of copyright; the British Crown holds perpetual copyright over the King James Version in the UK and some newer translations are copyrighted), it is often used as a goldmine of stock plots and characters for modern writers. Sometimes, however, said modern writers cannot avoid the temptation to introduce gratuitous references for the sake of it, and when they take caution to avoid controversial subjects like a specific religion, it can degenerate into such phenomena as Jesus Taboo, Crystal Dragon Jesus and No Celebrities Were Harmed. On the other hand, writers unfamiliar with the religious symbolism can end up with "controversial" character portrayals like King of All Cosmos, or, in The Theme Park Version, Fluffy Cloud Heaven.

Often cited by Moral Guardians. Not to be confused with Universe Bible.

One of the Trope Makers; tropes that appear in it are by definition Older Than Feudalism. While some parts of the Old Testament may be somewhat older than 800 BCE, it would be very confusing to try to sort tropes into multiple indexes based on which book and verse they came from.

Provides examples of:
"God (to whiny Jonah): "You cared about a tree which grew overnight and died overnight, and which you did not work to grow. And should I not care about Nineveh, which has thousands of people who do not yet know their right from their left, and also much cattle!""
 * Adam and Eve Plot
 * Adaptation Expansion: Hebrews, ostensibly the most Jewish book of the New Testament.
 * All There in the Manual: The prefaces of many Bible versions tell why the writers used a specific translation, why there are italics, and what the Footnotes mean.
 * Always Chaotic Evil: The people of Amalek. They raided the Hebrews as the were leaving Egypt, which led to God declaring a war of extermination upon them. Satan also applies here, sort of. The Jewish interpretation (which is carried into the Old Testament) is sometimes that he's a Necessary Evil in God's service, or that he is truly evil but only can do what God permits. The Christian interpretation is usually that he was once a good angel, but rebelled against God and became forever corrupted in his evil.
 * Anachronic Order: The books of prophecy tend to skip around; Jeremiah's revelations while in prison precede the account of his imprisonment, for instance. The book of Daniel also tends to skip around; in some stories he's an old man, in others he's a youth of between fifteen and twenty. There is a well known Hebrew phrase that means (loosely translated): "There is no early or late in the Torah." ("ein mukdam u'meuchar ba'Torah")
 * An Aesop
 * Ancient Egypt: Mostly in the Old Testament, specifically Genesis and Exodus; the Hebrews spend time in the Nile Delta and (after some pharaoh decides to enslave all the Semitic tribes that have settled in the country) leave the country. Later, God and His Prophets repeatedly tell Israel not to rely on Egypt for aid against Assyria. In the New Testament's Gospel of Matthew, Joseph and Mary take Jesus into Egypt to avoid Herod's massacre of babies ("Out of Egypt I called my son").
 * Ancient Greece: Although it's set during the Roman period (and therefore not really Ancient or even Classical), Greece does feature prominently in the New Testament. Some of the Epistles (Corinthians and Philippians come to mind) are directed to believers in Greece. In addition, the Eastern Mediterranean was thoroughly Hellenized in by the first century, so more or less everything was Greek by this point.
 * Ancient Rome: The Israelite rebels ally with the Roman Republic in 1&2 Maccabees. The Romans controlled Judea for all of Jesus' lifetime, and . Granted, there was , but Pontus Pilate had enough reasons as a government official to come to that decision.
 * And Man Grew Proud: Then Man built a tower which would reach Heaven. Which is why language classes are needed in the present day.
 * Angel Unaware: Several times. You'd think people would figure it out after their grandparents fell for it.
 * Animal Stereotypes:
 * Played with in various ways. Though the Bible never outright calls any animal evil, it uses them as symbols for both good and bad things. Snakes, for example, are used to represent everything from Satan to alcohol, deceit, and even wisdom.
 * Leviathan and Behemoth. May or may not be based on real animals, but it's a verifiable fact that they are badass.
 * Animated Adaptation: Many, but most notably, Superbook.
 * Apocalypse How: Several, including Daniel, Isaiah, Ezekiel, Revelation, and other odd parts of the New Testament.
 * Arc Number: Several of them repeatedly used in various contexts--
 * Seven--Originally: six days of creating the World + one day of resting.
 * Twelve--Originally the number of Jacob's sons from which the Israelite tribes descend.
 * Forty--Originally the number of years that the Israelites roamed through the desert and number of days and nights it rained during the deluge. Commonly used in the Bible and other ancient Near Eastern literature as shorthand for "a long time".
 * Ascend to a Higher Plane of Existence: More than once. In the Old Testament, there's Elijah and Enoch. In the New Testament, . The Pope Pius XII invoked papal infallibility and declared Mary's ascension Canon in 1950.
 * The Atoner
 * Author Avatar: The naked guy mentioned in Mark 14:51-52 was probably Mark himself.
 * Author Filibuster: The epistles in the New Testament.
 * Back From the Dead: Famously, Lazarus--and . Other examples include a girl in Mark 5.
 * Badass: The unnamed man (some people think it's Jesus) leading his forces against the Hellions in Revelation. Pretty awesome.
 * All of the Judges qualify, but Samson is practically an Ur Example of this. He killed a thousand soldiers with the jawbone of a donkey, and then he collapsed an entire temple on top of 3000 more.
 * AND Ehud, God's ninja.
 * Really, 2nd Samuel has a list of Badasses who worked for King David, and were referred to as the "Mighty Men". The entire list is filled with stories of people killing off hundreds of people singlehanded, or fighting wild animals.
 * Benaiah, who "killed a lion in a pit on a day when it had snowed."
 * David himself, killing Goliath, a giant, as well as a lion and a bear, with a sling. Number of stones picked up by David: five. Number of "sons of Anak" in Philistia at that time: five. A fourteen-year-old boy with that level of badassery: priceless.
 * Another example of David's Badassery--in order to marry his love, Michal, Saul ordered him to bring 100 Philistine foreskins. He brought twice that number, just for the hell of it. The Power of Love, indeed.
 * Jacob wrestled an angel for an entire night (though many scholars believe Jacob was actually wrestling with God via theophany). The angel had to resort to cursing Jacob's hip in order to win, and Jacob still obtained a blessing (which remains in effect to this day) before he let the angel leave. To those of your who don't know, Jacob earned a nickname for that feat, which is literally translated as "Wrestles with God" ... The nickname is "Israel".
 * Let us not forget Jesus himself, who survived an attempted stoning, furthermore when he found out about the moneychanger's tables in the temple he sat down for a good hour and braided himself a whip which the then used to chase them out. He apparently kept it with him after than because he breaks it out again later to do the exact same thing. He told a storm to shut the hell up because he was sleeping and it listened, brought multiple people back from the dead simply by asking then nicely (and sometimes not so nicely), cured a blind man with spit and dirt, and his mere presence was enough to cast out demons and cure mental illnesses. Not to mention the fact that most victims of crucifixion are tied to the cross, Jesus was nailed. Jesus Was Way Cool indeed.
 * Badass Normal: Judas Maccabeus in the Apocrypha; should not be confused with Judas Iscariot. Also, many of the Judges.
 * Beam Me Up, Scotty:
 * The often-quoted "money is the root of all evil", while technically a valid quote, leaves out a crucial section that changes the meaning. It actually says that the love of money is the root of all evil, or a root of many evils depending on which translation you use.
 * Another common misquote concerns the Garden of Eden's "Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil," often mislabeled as just the "Tree of Knowledge." Considering the original Heberew, it should really be translated as "Tree of Omniscence."
 * That, and most of the Rapture-related doctrines (literally and figuratively)
 * "When in Rome, do as the Romans do." Paul said something vaguely similar, but not quite...
 * "I am all things to all men, that I might win some of them" means going the extra mile. Roman soldiers were entitled to make conquered Jews carry their packs, but only for a mile.
 * "Pride goeth before the fall". Parodied hilariously in Bill Fitzhugh's "Pest Control", as two Columbian drug lords debate semantics and paraphrasing right after they shot a trespasser to death and had his body torn apart by dogs.
 * "Spare the rod and spoil the child" is usually considered a easier-to-remember summation of Proverbs 13:24, "He who spares the rod hates his son, but he who loves him is careful to discipline him."
 * Bed Trick: Jacob's wedding.
 * Belly of the Whale: Jonah.
 * Berserk Button: When some people decided to turn God's temple into a marketplace (twice), Jesus was not amused.
 * Bible Times
 * Big Bad: Pharaoh in the Old Testament, in the Apocrypha, and The Devil in the New Testament.
 * Big Bad Friend: According to popular legend, Judas was Jesus' best friend.
 * Big Damn Heroes: Daniel saves Susanna's honor.
 * Bond One-Liner: Judges 15:16 Then Samson said, "With a donkey's jawbone I have made donkeys of them. With a donkey's jawbone I have killed a thousand men." Even more awesome when you substitute "ass" for "donkey."
 * Bowdlerise:
 * The original Thomas Bowdler; also done countless times before and after him.
 * Most adaptions for children take out some more adult parts. For example, Esther was chosen by King Xerxes because of how good she was in bed. In the judgment of Solomon, both women claiming to be the infant's mother were prostitutes--and the song of Solomon is a full-blown celebration of sex. Lot's daughters get him drunk and rape him right after his wife is killed.
 * The story of Joshua, as told by Superbook, portrayed Rahab as an innocent woman bullied by the soldiers of Jericho (she was actually a whore), and completely ignored the fact that every living thing in Jericho, apart from her and her family, were slain.
 * Brats with Slingshots: Notably not David, though many, many people believe he used one. What he really used was a sling--which, in so many words, was the ancient world's equivalent of a gun or bow and arrow, rather than a kid's toy.
 * Brother-Sister Incest:
 * According to the Talmud, Cain and Abel each had a twin sister. Cain married Abel's, and Seth married Cain's.
 * Also, there's the case of Amnon and Tamar in Samuel II, where Amnon pretends to be sick so that, when his sister, Tamar, came into his room to feed him, he could rape her. Now THAT is Squick-worthy. And it did not end well for him.
 * Burn the Witch: God did not allow witchcraft-practitioners to live in the Mosaic Covenant period, although the method of execution was more likely stoning. Used later in history to justify witch-burning.
 * Bury Me Not on the Lone Prairie: Joseph.
 * Butt Monkey:
 * Job and Jesus. The former gets a "prize" from God, the latter saves all the people that would be baking in Hell if He didn't, including you.
 * Moses abandons his family to follow God, and he is not even allowed to be buried in the Promised Land.
 * Cain and Abel
 * Celibate Hero: Jesus, and possibly others we forget. Some people think that Jesus was married, but that his wife was not mentioned in the Bible (there are also a lot of speculations about why this is). Other people see this idea as heresy.
 * Chekhov's Gunman: Ishmael, Isaac's half-brother in Genesis, fades into the background shortly after he's introduced and sent off to Arabia. Turns out one of his descendants was a guy named Muhammad. Interestingly enough, this loose thread doesn't get picked up until after The Bible ends.
 * Chekhov's Skill: Both used and averted with Moses and the burning bush. God teaches Moses how to turn his staff into a serpent, and how to turn the skin of his hand leprous (as well as cure it), both in order to demonstrate that he is a prophet of the Lord. He performs the former, but the latter never shows up again.
 * Cherry Tapping: Samson kills 1,000 Philistines with a donkey's jaw, and then follows it up with a pun.
 * Child Prodigy: Jesus teaching when He was only twelve. Everyone was astonished at his understanding and answers.
 * The Chosen One: Saul and David were both the chosen one. Saul sees David as a rival to be eliminated, while David respects Saul's position enough to refuse to kill him - and in fact orders Saul's killer executed.)
 * Clap Your Hands If You Believe: Clapping is an expression of worship in Psalms, and in many churches today.
 * Colony Drop: Wormwood among other stars during Revelation.
 * Come to Gawk
 * The Commandments: In Western civilization often considered the Ur Example.
 * Crucified Hero Shot:.
 * David Versus Goliath
 * Deadpan Snarker:
 * Paul of Tarsus, usually in his epistles. In one instance, mediating an argument amongst the Galatians about circumcision, he helpfully recommends to the conservative Jewish converts agitating against the pagan converts that they "go the whole way and cut the entire thing off!"
 * The Old Testament was way ahead on the snark front. One memorable moment from the book of Jonah:

"..."Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves; otherwise we shall be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth." The LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which mortals had built. And the LORD said, "Look, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will o; nothing that they propose to do now will be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and confused their language there, so that they will not understand one another's speech.""
 * The prophets are especially full of this sort of thing; such as God mocking how idol-worshipers would cut down a tree, make an idol to worship out of part of it...and cook breakfast over the rest of it.
 * Here's one from the Book of Judges: In it, the Israelites constantly abandon Yahweh and turn other gods, causing God to remove his protection and allowing foreign powers to invade them. This causes the Israelites to turn back to Him, and He helps them drive out their opressors. However, only a generation or so later, the pattern repeats itself. After this happens for the third time, and the Israelites beseech God for help, Yahweh, in an epic snark moment, pretty much tells them: "You know, I'm growing tired of having to save you all the time, since you will only turn your back on me again as soon as everything is back to normal. Turn instead to the new gods that you have chosen; may they save you when you're in trouble!"
 * Decapitation Presentation: Judith with the head of Holofernes. Possibly also Salome with the head of John the Baptist.
 * Defiled Forever: In the old testament there are several rules regarding purity and defilement. The book of Deuteronomy, chapter 22 for example demands death penalty for various forms of sex outside marriage, but notably clears the woman if rape is proven (she was heard crying for help) or assumed (there's no way to prove she WASN'T crying for help), making this a slight yet notable aversion.
 * Depending on the Writer: Jesus' character tends to vary quite a bit depending on who's describing him.
 * Depopulation Bomb: Several.
 * Descend From a Higher Plane of Existence: Jesus.
 * Deus Angst Machina: Job and everyone he knew.
 * Deus Exit Machina: Lots of explanations have been attempted for the problem of evil.
 * Deus Ex Machina: A literal God.
 * Distant Finale: The Book of Revelation; just how distant depends on who you ask. There are actually several major interpretations of what the Revelation of John is. First, a book of prophecy of the future. Second, a description of present conditions of the Christian ecclesia. A third is that this book is like other Apocalypses written in roughly the same time period, and primarily an account of the salvation of a single soul, John of Patmos. It could also be all or none of these as well.
 * Disproportionate Retribution: People during those times had much different ideas about what constitutes a "just" punishment and many of them will look completely disproportionate and cruel compared to what is a just punishment today, or if a punishment is necessary at all.
 * Don't Look Back: In the story of Sodom and Gomorrah, Lot and his family live in a city full of sinners. God allows them to escape while He destroys the city. However, they are told not to turn back. Lot's wife, however, does it anyway, and she is then turned into salt.
 * Downer Ending:
 * In some terms, this applies to the Old Testament. The "ending" (remember that chronologically, Ezra and Nehemiah are among the last books of the OT) is that Judah was restored with Persian protection, and the Messiah is coming soon. However, one of the last prophets of the OT predicted the destruction of Jerusalem.
 * God ensures that Moses dies without setting foot on The Promised Land.
 * Down the Drain: In some translations of Judges 3, this is how Ehud escaped after killing King Eglon, who had defeated the Israelites, in a rather unusual manner.
 * The Dragon: Inverted: The Dragon in Revelation is the Big Bad. Some sects (and some videogames that base their version of Satan on such beliefs) have Satan as God's agent.
 * Driven by Envy: Notable examples include Cain and Joseph's brothers.
 * The Dutiful Son: Brother to the Prodigal Son
 * Dying Moment of Awesome:
 * Jesus. He could have called thousands of angels to smite His killers, but He chose to bear all the pain and suffering to save all who would believe.
 * Samson's final moments are spent bringing down the Philistine government, while also killing more men than he ever had in his life.
 * The emperor Nero ordered Peter to be crucified, thus putting himself above Peter in a power dynamic. Peter asked to be crucified upside down, thus outdoing Nero. (Doubles as Tear Jerker since Peter also did it because he believed himself unworthy of dying like Jesus)
 * Paul was about to be crucified, but then he told his would-be executers: 'Hey, I'm a Roman. Kill me if you want, but I've my right to tell you how I will die.' That takes quite the balls.
 * Earth Is the Center of the Universe: Certain passages could be interpreted to mean this. Historically, though, that interpretation was backed up by Aristotle's postulations.
 * The Eeyore: Qoheleth/Kohelet, the traditional author/narrator of Ecclesiastes. Given his title "Son of David, King in Jerusalem," he's probably also Solomon. (Kohelet is the Hebrew and original name of Ecclesiastes, but it's not uncommon for something in K'tuvim (the last third of the Old Testament) to be anonymous.)
 * Empathic Environment: Many times, including when was killed.
 * The Empire: Egypt, Babylon, Assyria, Macedon, Rome... The Persians come across pretty well, though, despite some other portrayals of them...
 * The End of the World as We Know It: At least twice. First Noah's flood, then in the Distant Finale of Revelation
 * Enemy to All Living Things: Part of Cain's curse.
 * Enigmatic Empowering Entity: This role is fulfilled by God as he shows himself to Moses in a burning bush.
 * Everyone Calls Him "Barkeep":
 * Thanks to translations and tradition, YHWH is hardly ever known by His actual Name, and is referred to as, "God" (El / Theos) or "the Lord" (Adonai / Kurios) for most of the Book. When the English text reads "LORD" in ALL CAPS, it's a circumlocution for YHWH--the taboo against speaking his name wasn't in effect until the Hebrew Bible had already been written.
 * The only person said to have ever spoken His true name was, according to apocrypha, Lilith.
 * Opinions vary on the Name. Several people are credited with knowing (and using) the big secret one, including Moses (to kill an Egyptain slave driver), Solomon (to enslave the demon king Ashmodai/Asmodeus), and various rabbinic sages (to create golems and other miracles).
 * Enosh, grandson of Adam, is said to have evoked the name Yahweh.
 * Also, Pharaoh from Exodus, whose name is never given and who is simply referred to as "Pharaoh". Various archaeologists, anthropologists, and Biblical scholars have offered any number of theories as to what historical pharaoh Exodus might be referring to, with Ramses II and Shoshenq I being fan favorites.
 * Which leads to a number of people who mistakenly believe that the Pharaoh who got the plagues = The Pharaoh that gave the genocide order...
 * Everyone Is Related: For once, this is canon. Literally.
 * Everything's Better with Monkeys: Solomon loved monkeys so much he had them imported (1 Kings 10:22)
 * Everything's Better with Rainbows: After the massive flood in Genesis, God promises not to drown all the creatures again and puts a rainbow in the sky as a symbol of his covenant with them.
 * Everything's Worse with Bears: 2 Kings 2:24.
 * Evil Is Sexy: This is Delilah's allure to Samson.
 * The Evil Prince: Pretty much all of David's sons except for Solomon, each of whom inherited a variety of David's traits except for his faith in God.
 * Exactly What It Says on the Tin: "Bible" means "book". It's a book of books.
 * Extra Eyes: Thrones and various other angels.
 * Expanded Universe: The Talmud, The Book of Mormon. Early parts of the Bible are almost the Cliffs-Notes of stories and laws greatly expanded in the Talmud.
 * Face Death with Dignity:, the Garden of Gethsemane notwithstanding.
 * Face Heel Turn: King Saul, Pharaoh (multiple times), Absalom
 * Fallen Angel: Lucifer (also known as Satan) and his supporters are the Ur Example.
 * Fan Service: The Song of Solomon. There are books as long as the entire New Testament trying to explain the symbolism of Song.
 * Faux Empowering Entity: Satan arguably fills this role as he's tempting Jesus with empty/meaningless promises in the desert.
 * Filler: The Apocrypha.
 * Final Solution: Many cases of this. Some carried out by various heroic kings, some carried out by God himself. In all cases, it's treated as a good thing. The three most famous cases are:
 * Noah and the flood -- Mankind misbehaves? Let's exterminate all life on the planet! (Except for one family and their pets.)
 * Sodom -- Mankind misbehaves? Let's exterminate all life in this small nation! (Except for one family -- and maybe their pets, if they had any.)
 * Book of Revelation -- Mankind misbehaves? Let's exterminate all life on the planet! Again! (And as in the two previous versions, some good people get spared. And this time, good dead people are resurrected, too.)
 * Finding Judas
 * Find the Cure: Tobit is blinded, so his son Tobias and his companion ( in disguise) go search for the cure.
 * Fire and Brimstone Hell: Mostly according to John the Revelator. The Biblical basis for belief in such a hell is extremely shaky, at best. Note that it differs from the popular depiction as the demons are said to be tortured alongside the people in there, not as being the torturers.
 * First Girl Wins: Adam and Eve. Although according to Fanon, Eve was actually the second girl. A few sources even have her third.
 * Flaming Sword: The Cherubim.
 * Flipping the Table: Jesus does this with the moneychangers in the Temple.
 * Foot Focus: Solomon describes his wife's feet as being attractive.
 * Forbidden Fruit: Contrary to popular imagery, it wasn't necessarily an apple. (Other versions have it as a pomegranate, a citron, or a fig.)
 * Gainax Ending: The Book of Revelation.
 * Gendercide: Twice, in Exodus.
 * Geo Effects: The Israelites and the Aramites, subverted.
 * Get Thee to a Nunnery: A few noteworthy ones:
 * "To know" That's what they called it back then
 * "Feet" is often used in the Old Testament to refer to something a bit higher.
 * Chapter seven of Song of Solomon describes the wife's navel as "a rounded cup, never lacking in sweet wine." Some scholars argue that "navel" may in fact refer to the vagina.
 * Getting Crap Past the Radar: Song of Solomon, or Song of Songs, depending on what translation you're reading. The average reader is often rendered speechless to find what they can only call pornography in the Bible, and scholars have debated for centuries just how the hell this wound up in the Bible--and that's after the translators (painfully obviously) did their best to sanitize it!
 * The Glorious War of Sisterly Rivalry: Plain and dowdy Leah vs pretty vivacious Rachel over Jacob.
 * God: Trope Codifier, at least for Abrahamic religions.
 * God Save Us From the Queen: Jezebel (tried to destroy Judaism) and her daughter Athaliah (had all her grandkids killed, save one, almost destroying David's royal line).
 * Go-Karting with Bowser: According to the book of Job, Satan has been known to hang around heaven and take friendly bets with God.
 * The Golden Rule: Used in the stories about Jesus. Invoked by the main character as a moral principle, and also used as An Aesop in several of the parables (short stories within the main story). The most famous is the story of the Good Samaritan.
 * Notably averted (or subverted, depending on your interpretation) in The Book Of Job, where God becomes a Jerkass to Job because God's on a bet with Satan.
 * Go Mad From the Revelation: Angels, actually. God himself could classify, since looking at him in his full glory is supposed to be fatal to anyone with sin.
 * Good People Have Good Sex: Solomon and one of his wives, as recorded in Song of Solomon.
 * Good Samaritan
 * Guile Hero: Queen Esther is a guile heroine who saves the Jews in the Persian Empire by winning King Xerxes's heart and then out-gambitting Smug Snake Haman.
 * Half Human Hybrids: Nephilim, and depending on which ecumenical councils you accept, also )
 * Heaven Seeker: With Jesus and most of his followers.
 * Healing Hands: Jesus and the Apostles healed people by laying their hands on them.
 * Heel Face Revolving Door: Pharaoh in Exodus.
 * Heel Face Turn: Saul on the road to Damascus, who quite literally "saw the light".
 * Heroic BSOD:
 * while on the cross asks why he has forsaken him.
 * The whole prayer at Gethsemane scene can be seen as an Heroic BSOD as well.
 * David also has a full-blown one after Saul and Jonathan's deaths.
 * Heroic Sacrifice: Stephen, Isaac, Samson,
 * Heterosexual Life Partners: The conservative interpretation of Jonathan and David's relationship.
 * He Who Must Not Be Named: The third commandment instructs the faithful not to take the name of the Lord in vain. This has spawned many practices, stretching from simply avoiding the use of oaths like "For the love of God!", to avoiding using the G-word in any context - typing "G-d" in text, for example, or, among Orthodox Jews, using the word "Adonai", "Hashem" (literally means "the name" in Hebrew), or the Tetragrammaton, as a euphemism.
 * Higher Self
 * Hooker with a Heart of Gold: Rahab in the Torah, Mary Magdalene in Fanon.
 * Hope Spot: Pilate tries to have released, but the mob insists on . Although Pilate was a jerk, depending on who you talk to. In other branches, he's a saint. Literally.
 * Hot-Blooded: Samson, and how.
 * Humans Are Bastards:
 * Humanity's thoughts were bad enough to drive an omnibenevolent being to attempt omnicide. He drowned around 30 million people before he forgave humanity, because despite the fact that humanity's thoughts are bad and repented.
 * The last chapters of Judges.
 * Humans Are Special: With free will, they actually have the potential to become greater than angels. Furthermore, despite humans being bastards (see above), God still cared enough about us to not wipe us out totally and eventually provided a Savior.
 * I Am Legion: The original.
 * I Did What I Had to Do: King Saul in 1 Samuel 13. God was less than pleased with this attitude and fired him.
 * I Have Many Names: God.
 * I Know Your True Name: Mostly in the Old Testament, some power is associated with the names of God, the act of Adam naming the animals, etc.. In fact, Moses kills an Egyptian at one point solely by saying God's True Name, which Fanon holds to be 72 or 216 letters long.
 * Idiot Ball: Samson finds some bees have made their hive in the corpse of a lion, so he eats some of the honey and gives the rest to his parents. The honey that came from a DEAD LION. Especially bad since, as a Nazirite, he's not allowed to touch, let alone eat, anything that came from corpses.
 * IKEA Erotica: Averted in the Song of Solomon.
 * I'll Kill You!: Exodus, and probably some other places.
 * I'm a Humanitarian: Quite a few examples that falls under two categories: God's punishment (usually forcing people to eat their own children or other family members) or depicted for the sake of it.
 * Implausible Deniability: Cain is enough of a moron to think he can lie to an omniscient, omnipotent God.
 * Improbable Weapon User: Samson killed some Philistines using the jawbone of a donkey.
 * It Got Worse: A large portion of the Books of Revelation and Job, but it gets better in both. The same can pretty much be said for the Bible in general.
 * Jacob and Esau
 * Jacob Marley Warning: Subverted. In the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (a different Lazarus), the Rich Man goes to hell so he begs the Lord for the chance to warn his family of the dangers of their ways. The Lord knocks the idea down, pointing out that he's sent plenty of prophets to spell it out for them all already.
 * Jaywalking Will Ruin Your Life: The first two people decide to have a bit of fruit, resulting in.
 * Jesus Saves
 * Jesus Taboo: Averted.
 * Jesus Was Way Cool: Just look at all the cool shit he did above with regards to being a Badass and Deadpan Snarker! Plus he turned water into wine and made lunch for everybody, Jesus was AWESOME.
 * Journey to Find Oneself: Jesus' 40 days and nights in the desert, sort of.
 * Judgment of Solomon
 * Just-So Story: The narrative until Abraham is introduced--but, according to some scholars, is actually a subversion and serves a different, but similar, purpose.
 * Kill'Em All: The Distant Finale, Revelation; possibly the most literal application of "Kill'Em All and let God sort 'em out" ever. Also, many cases in the Old Testament.
 * Kill It with Water: The whole of Noah's story. Also done to Egyptian soldiers chasing Israelis through the Red Sea.
 * Klingon Promotion: Many kings of Israel during the split with Judah.
 * Knight Templar: As was once said for the image caption of that trope, "this is the original Serious Business."
 * Know When to Fold'Em: It may seem pretty badass of Satan to try and overthrow God, until the prophecies are fulfilled and he loses. When it comes to fighting the one responsible for the very existence of yourself and everything, it's really wiser to fold 'em.
 * The Lancer: Peter to Jesus.
 * Load-Bearing Hero: Samson, though it's an inversion since he brings down the temple! He's still the hero, though. He also pulls up a set of city gates and walks away with them.
 * Loads and Loads of Characters: There are dozens of books written over a period of many centuries, and some of them include genealogies or history.
 * Lost in Translation: The Bible both averts and suffers from this. Most scholars agree that the Bible is "remarkably well-preserved" from translation to translation (we are talking about something that's incredibly Serious Business for its copyists, after all). However, there's still cases where a word in the original Hebrew text isn't given a proper contextual translation; for example, the lost contexts involving Thou Shalt Not Kill and God mind-controlling the Pharaoh. This leads to some serious misconceptions. Then there are groups like the King James Version Movement, who believe that a Modern English reading of the Early Modern English King James Version is the Word of God.
 * Lyrical Dissonance: The Song of Moses from Deuteronomy 32:1-43 which was sung as the Israelites finally entered the Promised Land. In the passages beforehand, God had flat out told Moses that his people were going to mess up badly in the end, and gave the song to Moses as a reminder of what they needed to do once that day came to repent. Nevertheless, it's about as uplifting as a kick in the balls.
 * Meaningful Name: Literally hundreds, here's a full list.
 * Memetic Number: 40. Forget 11 or 13 or even 666, this number is one of the more memorable ones in the book. Examples include the forty days and nights Noah spent in his Ark during the Deluge (another round before he even looked out the window), the number of days the Israelites took to explore their Promised Land, and the number of days Jesus fasted. There's even this website that is focused around the number 40. That number is one Badass dude.
 * The Messiah: Many, including the Messianic Archetype, Jesus. Three big ones. Jesus, Muhammed (technically a prophet, rather than a messiah, but fulfilling a similar narrative role), and the nameless "moshiach", or messiah of the Jews, who don't accept the cannonicity of the New Testement. The last one one has only appeared in previews and foreshadowing, so we're still waiting on the next sequel to provide his name.
 * Messianic Archetype: Jesus.
 * A Million Is a Statistic
 * Mind Screw: Revelation. According to some historians, the man who wrote it actually was on drugs.
 * Mission From God: ...Pretty much everyone.
 * Mix-and-Match Critters: When not described as Eldritch Abominations or imitating human form the Angels are described as such (in Book of Daniel for instance).
 * The Mole: Judas Iscariot, after a Face Heel Turn.
 * Moral Dissonance: This what is percieved when a particular Disproportionate Retribution or an example of Values Dissonance strikes particullary hard and much discussion has ensued between critics and apologists because of it. The priestly codes and laws documented in books like Leviticus are prone to cause this as well. Lot's handling of the mob in Sodom--offering his daughters to prevent them from raping angels sent to visit him--doesn't take well, either..
 * Moses in the Bulrushes
 * Most Writers Are Male: Chauvinist bias is massively averted in many books. One of the Old Testament Judges (rulers of Israel) was a female, Lady Deborah. The church is described as a woman to be the bride of Christ.
 * Mrs. Robinson: Potiphar's Wife
 * Murder the Hypotenuse: David and Bathsheba.
 * My Death Is Just the Beginning: . Enoch and Elijah are considered the two prophets in the Revelation of John, so they count too.
 * My Species Doth Protest Too Much: Although several groups receive an Always Chaotic Evil characterization, it's pretty common for there to be a member of the group who is virtuous--like Ruth as a good Moabite, the Good Samaritan of the New Testament, and some rabbis mentioned in the Talmud who were supposedly descended from evil people like Haman.
 * Mystical Plague: A couple of the Plagues of Egypt in The Bible fit: the plague of pestilence (which only affected livestock) and the plague of boils (skin disease).
 * Name's the Same: The Catholic and Orthodox Bibles have two different Judases. One is a heroic freedom fighter, the other
 * Never Accepted in His Hometown: Jesus and most prophets.
 * No Doubt the Years Have Changed Me: Joseph to his brothers. Older Than Feudalism.
 * Now I Know What to Name Him: In the gospels, angels speak to both Mary and Joseph, inform them that they will have God's son, and that he will be named Jesus. Since a Hebrew name was also a blessing given at birth, it was standard procedure for the father (in this case God Himself) to come up with the name.
 * The Obi-Wan: David to Solomon, John the Baptist to Jesus, Elijah to Elisha, and Paul to Timothy. Also, Elijah and Moses to Jesus.
 * Omniglot: One of the powers of true believers, according to Fanon, along with the ability to drink anything poisonous, exorcise demons, heal the sick, and for truest of true believers Nigh Invulnerability against demons and evil spirits! A few American groups interpret the source for this one (speaking in tounges) to mean a language absolutely nobody on Earth understands. No-one seems to know why.
 * One Steve Limit: Averted.
 * There are three Herods during Jesus' lifetime.
 * As well as princess...you guessed it...Herodias (who married two different Herods, both her uncle, in her lifetime).
 * As well as two Judases and two Lazari.
 * There are even other Jesuses, Jesus himself being a form of the name Joshua. In fact Jesus was a popular name during his time.
 * Inverted with all those names (Emmannuel, Joshua, Jesus) that are all meant to be for the same dude.
 * Just among the 12 Disciples we have 2 James, 2 Judas, and 2 Simons (though one also went by Peter)
 * Not to mention the 4 or so different Marys we have in the Gospels.
 * Only Mostly Dead: Tabitha, maybe Lazarus, averted with  where the guards did some prodding stabbing to check.
 * Only Sane Man: Jesus
 * Opposite Sex Clone: God took Adam's rib and cloned Eve from it.
 * Our Dragons Are Different: Satan of course. And whatever it was that Daniel killed.
 * Out, Damned Spot!: Pontius Pilate
 * Padding: Lots of repetition at points, like with the book of Numbers.
 * Pals with Jesus
 * The Paragon: Jesus.
 * Parental Favoritism: Joseph.
 * Parental Incest: Lot and his daughters in Genesis 19:30-38. Though, technically, that was rape ... by the daughters.
 * Perfectly Arranged Marriage: Isaac and his wife Rebekah.
 * Please Spare Him, My Liege
 * Playing with Fire: Elijah incinerates much of Israel during his time as a Badass Preacher, including all the foreign prophets who opposed him during a dramatic standoff. He also flew to heaven on a chariot drawn by flaming horses.
 * Plucky Girl: Ruth, Deborah, Judith, Esther, the Virgin Mary, Mary Magdalene...
 * Punny Name: Most things. There are plenty of places with names that are similar to normal and appropriate Hebrew words, e.g. balal, confusion, to "Babel".
 * Pride Before a Fall: Satan, by some accounts. Then there's the Tower of Babel, which was intended to reach the heavens.
 * Protagonist-Centered Morality: Things were a lot more vicious in the days of the Old Testament. Let's leave it at that.
 * Rape and Revenge: In the book of Genesis, Dinah's brothers kill Shechem (and all the men in his village) after he "lay with her by force," or "subdued her," or "violated her." Their father was not impressed.
 * Reality Ensues: Abimelech, first self-proclaimed king of Israel, is killed by a woman who threw a rock at him. He ordered his armor-bearer to run him through with a sword so that no one will know how he really died. Well, someone found out.
 * "The Reason You Suck" Speech: Matthew 23 was this from Jesus against the Pharisees.
 * Recap Episode: Most of Deuteronomy and Chronicles.
 * Replacement Goldfish: After Job's loved ones, friends, and nodding acquaintances are all killed horribly, he eventually has new ones.
 * Reptiles Are Abhorrent: Played straight with the story from Genesis, in which the snake is the bad guy. Played with in the incident involving Moses at Pharaoh's court where serpents representing the rival gods duke it out (guess who wins). Played straight in that all reptiles fall into the category of "unclean" species. Averted later in Exodus when a pillar with bronze snakes is set up to cure the Israelites of a plague (though it later becomes a pagon idol, playing it straight again).
 * La Résistance: Israel, repeatedly. See 1 and 2 Maccabees, which are part of the Catholic (but not Protestant) Bible, and the book of Judges, which is pretty much considered canon.
 * The Revolution Will Not Be Vilified: Moses is effectively literature's first bio-terrorist, and takes out his aggression against the government on the civilian population.
 * Scam Religion: The Bible considers every religion other than the one of the Hebrews (and later on, the Christians) either this, a Religion of Evil, or a Path of Inspiration. At best, non-Judeo-Christian religions are seen as superstitious and waiting for something better.
 * Scenery Gorn: Lamentations (destruction of Jerusalem) and Joel (destruction of a field by locusts).
 * Science Is Bad: The Bible is often interpreted to support this message, especially concerning the Tower of Babel.
 * Science Marches On: The concept of the world being a few thousand years old--a tenet of Young Earth Creationism--stems from early attempts to date the age of the Earth by various scholars and historians, who used known history in conjunction with the Bible (note that Genesis, in the original Hebrew, doesn't give a specific date or rate of creation). Later on, the science of geology developed, and scientists found out that the world is much, much older than they thought ...
 * The Scourge of God
 * Scry vs. Scry: Moses against Pharaoh's priests. They turned their staffs into serpents; Moses's staff became a serpent which devoured the others.
 * Secret Test of Character: God's command to Abraham to kill his son; Job's Deus Angst Machina suffering; the original Judgment of Solomon.
 * Serious Business: The Bible is the Word of God to somewhere around two billion believers, but not all of them share the same beliefs.
 * Shaming the Mob: "Let he who is without sin cast the first stone." Not to mention the pissed-off mob at Jesus' trial.
 * Shared Universe: Both the Bible and Torah are actually collections of books.
 * Shoot the Dog
 * Shout-Out: Sumerian mythology, according to secular historians. Not relevant among believers. The Law of Moses was both a civil and religious code. Many of the civil laws can also be found in other period law codes.
 * Sibling Rivalry: Cain vs Abel, Jacob vs Esau, Joseph vs his 11 brothers
 * Sixth Ranger:
 * Paul, who starts out an enemy of the early church but later joins up with them, and ends up being one of the best-known and most frequently quoted Christians of the first century.
 * Matthias, who was added to the Twelve after Judas betrayed Jesus.
 * The Soulsaver: Jesus dying on the cross saved the souls of all who believe in Him, both those who had died before Him like Abraham and people who came after Him. (Some interpretations have him literally going To Hell and Back to retrieve the righteous dead.)
 * Spin-Off: New Testament from the Tanakh.
 * Spirit Advisor:
 * Jesus to his disciples following his, before returning to Heaven until the Second Coming on Ascension Thursday.
 * Furthermore, promises to leave the Holy Spirit with believers in order to serve as an aide / "moral compass" for them until he returns from
 * Arguably, God Himself to any of the prophets. Joshua used Him as a Spirit Military Advisor.
 * The Stars Are Going Out: In the Apocalypse, when the stars (or rather, shooting stars) fall from sky and the moon turns blood red.
 * Stealing From the Till: The Book of John notes that Judas was doing this.
 * Stuffed Into the Fridge: Job's family, servants, and employees, as a wager between two supernatural beings, at least in the South Park version of events. Satan, literally, the Accuser, in the Bible proper has the authority and right to test ANYONE through suffering, within limits. In Job's case, God had sheltered him disproportionately up to that point, hence the extreme fridge-stuffing.
 * Take a Third Option: Christ Jesus in many, many situations. (Matthew 22) Are we answerable to God or to earthly powers such as the Romans? (John 7-8) Will Jesus say that a woman caught in the act of adultery should be stoned or not?
 * Taken for Granite: The wife of Lot, who turned into a pillar of salt.
 * Take That:
 * The seven brothers in 2 Maccabees chapter 7. Also a Facing the Bullets One-Liner.
 * The story of Lot and his daughters was a Take That against the inhabitants of Moab, a nation that bordered ancient Israel, insulting them by saying that they were descended from incest, at least according to some commentary.
 * The 10 plagues of Egypt were designed to mock Egypt's gods.
 * Taking You with Me: Samson. Could be a case of either Heroic Sacrifice or Redemption Equals Death, maybe both considering what happened earlier ...
 * Tempting Fate: The civilization at Babel.


 * Tenchi Solution: Jacob works for Laban seven years to marry his beloved Rachel. When the ceremony rolls around, he finds he's married to Leah, her older sister, instead. Laban's solution: you have to work another seven years to get the other girl, too. Not only that, but both women bring their handmaids into it, too: Rachel because she's barren (for a while), and Leah because, well, she's the less favored wife and has to keep up. So Jacob winds up having four "wives" and a total of 13 children.
 * Time Skip: the Old Testament and New Testament are separated by about five hundred years of time. There's another 400-year gap between the account of the Israelites going into Egypt and coming out. The Apocrypha assayed to fill in the missing time.
 * Title Drop: Averted. The word "bible" can't be found anywhere in the Bible. It's "scripture." This is mostly due to the fact that the list of canonical scripture as we know it (pretty much no matter which canon you adhere to) wasn't made until long after the books themselves were written. For the standard Christian canon, there was a gap of about 200 years or so between the writing of the last book and the time when the list of canonical books became more-or-less universally accepted within the Church.
 * Too Dumb to Live:
 * Delilah tries to get Samson to reveal his weakness, and Samson tests her by telling her a false one. This fails. While this is very smart by itself, he then allows her to repeat this three times before finally caving in and admitting it's his hair. Honestly, no matter how much you love her, shouldn't you just get rid of her after the first time she tries to sell you into slavery to your enemies?)
 * Pharaoh after seeing that Moses and Aaron have the power of God on their side, is told by Moses that a series of plagues will come to Egypt if he continues to keep the Israelites. Even after this warning, Pharaoh refused and his country suffered for it. Then after letting them go, he changed his mind again (and no, it wasn't God's doing) and sent his cavalry after them, and drowning them in the process when the Red Sea the Israelites crossed through closed up on them.
 * Tower of Babel
 * Trauma Conga Line: Job.
 * Traumatic Haircut: Samson
 * Trope Overdosed: And the Trope Maker, Trope Namer, or Trope Codifier in many cases) Of course, we should bear in mind that it's technically a collection of several dozen books (the exact number depending on the canon you adhere to).
 * Turn the Other Cheek
 * Twenty Bear Asses: Saul offered his daughter's hand in marriage to David, if David could bring him 100 Philistine foreskins. David one-upped him and brought back 200.
 * Twenty Minutes Into the Future: The Distant Finale.
 * The Unfavorite: A number of Israel's neighbor nations, most famously the Philistines. The Israelites were God's chosen people, and charged with warring against several of them. The Israelites however, were not exclusively God's only people, but a representative nation. They lived peaceably with many of their more benign neighbors.
 * Untrusting Community
 * Unwanted False Faith: Acts 14, Paul of Tarsus and Barnabus are witnessing in one Greek city and performing some miracles while they were at it. The citizens of the city were convinced that they were the Gods, Hermes and Zeus respectively and set up a whole procession to sacrificing to them as such. The apostles had to go to considerable lengths trying to make them to stop. This, in turn, made it easier for troublemakers to convince the very same citizens to attempt stoning Paul and Barnabus to death.
 * The Uriah Gambit: David's attempt to get a woman and conceal his guilt by sending her husband who is one of his own loyal soldiers to death in the hands of the enemy.
 * The Vamp: Delilah, Samson's girlfriend. Also Queen Jezebel.
 * Villain with Good Publicity: "The Beast" in the Distant Finale.
 * Villainous Breakdown: Saul ever since God rejected him.
 * Virginity Flag: After Amon rapes her, Tamar tears her garment that was reserved for the king's virgin daughters. Her full brother Absolom immediately realizes what happened when he sees her.
 * Virgin Sacrifice: Jephthah promised to sacrifice the first thing that came up to his doorway in exchange for a "very great slaughter" of his enemies ... then, after a successful battle, his own daughter strolls up. He goes ahead and sacrifices her anyway--though many scholars believe this means he brought her to the temple and dedicated her to a life of serving God. Add to the fact that Jephthah was an idiot for making the oath in the first place, because God had already promised him victory earlier in the same chapter. He went ahead and made the promise anyway. (Moron.) Solomon said don't mess around with vows. Too bad this happened before Solomon.
 * Voice of the Legion
 * Walking the Earth: The punishment to the Israelites (they were made to walk around in circles for 40 years) and to Cain. According to Medieval legend, Cain walked all the way to the moon.
 * Warrior Poet: David, giant slayer and great musician/poet/dancer.
 * Well-Intentioned Extremist: General Joab, who murdered people because he thought they would hinder David's success. Also, one possible interpretation of Judas, who may have desired the Kingdom of Heaven to be restored by physical force.
 * What Do You Mean It Wasn't Made on Drugs?: Book of Revelation is pretty trippy, man.
 * What the Hell, Hero?: David's Murder the Hypotenuse tactic gets a very angry and critical response from Nathan. Saul has done this kind of thing, too. Many of the otherwise benevolent kings (not counting evil ones) after him also done these one way or another.
 * Who Wants to Live Forever?: Adam and Eve are banished from Eden, in part, so that they won't be able to eat from the Tree of Life, causing them to live forever with the curses they received for eating from the Tree of Knowledge.
 * World's Strongest Man: Samson.
 * Would Be Rude to Say Genocide: All the cases of Final Solution in The Bible use Type A ( = the genocide is considered justified): God is the definition of goodness, so whatever population of human beings he chose to exterminate (or have exterminated by his followers) automatically qualifies as Always Chaotic Evil.
 * Xanatos Gambit: Judith from the Talmud; and possibly Jesus' entire arc, especially considering Judas's vital role.
 * Yamato Nadeshiko: Arguably, the Virgin Mary was a very early version.
 * You Can't Go Home Again: The Garden of Eden.
 * You Never Did That for Me: Happens at the end of the parable of The Prodigal Son, where the brother who didn't leave home and waste all his money wonders why he doesn't get a fatted calf.
 * Youngest Child Wins:
 * Abel's sacrifice is accepted, Cain's is not. Isaac is favored by his mother over Ishmael, his older half-brother. Jacob is favored by his mother over Esau, the firstborn twin. Joseph is favored by his father over all his older brothers, as is Benjamin. Moses's degree of prophecy outranks Aaron's. David, the youngest of 7, was anointedking and Solomon, David's youngest son, becomes the next king. Each of these were meant to be subversions of the cultural standard. The story of Jacob and Esau even acknowledges that under normal circumstances Esau's the one who had the birthright coming to him.
 * This theme is one of the overarching motifs of the book of Genesis. It also shows up later, but especially in Genesis. As noted above, it was a (presumably intentional) subversion of how things actually tended to work in real life.
 * The older brothers get along fine afterwards. Cain founded a city, Ishmael served the Lord and founded a great nation (the Arabs) who eventually served the Lord in their own way, Esau made up with Jacob and founded his own nation, and the Tribe of Judah became leader of the Twelve--and, with Benjamin, the only one to survive.